The interdisciplinary research in IRG-MAX (Metallic Antiferromagnets and the eXcitations) is designed to advance understanding of the synthesis-structure-property relationships of metallic antiferromagnetic materials. Our key goal is to answer open questions concerning the coupling of magnetic order, optical fields, electronic excitations, and lattice vibrations that underlie fundamental limits on the control of magnetization dynamics using ultrafast optics, fast temperature excursions, and ultrafast currents of heat and charge. Antiferromagnetic order cannot be switched with an external magnetic field. Recent experiments and theory have demonstrated, however, that antiferromagnetic order can be manipulated by spin-orbit-torques generated by charge currents and optical excitation by circularly polarized light. The fundamental time-scales of magnetization dynamics in antiferromagnets are thought be two orders of magnitude faster than in ferromagnets, but have not yet been observed. We focus on metals due to their high electrical and thermal conductivities, and strong interactions of electrons, spin, and phonons.
New Material and new science:
Advance understanding and control of metallic antiferromagnets (AF)
Zero net magnetization is both a challenge and an opportunity for science and technology
Higher density, faster, more robust than ferromagnetic domains
THz sources and detectors
Why now? Spin orbit torques provide a new approach for manipulating AF order
Project Goals
Determine the coupling of magnetic order, optical fields, electronic excitations, and lattice vibrations that underlie fundamental limits on the control of magnetic order and magnetization dynamics.
Discover new materials with enhanced response.
Senior Investigators
Publications
E. Choping, J. Park, C. Wong, and A. Schleife
First-principles study of the elastic tensor of GaP at high electronic temperature
MRS Advances 9
689-693
(2024)
Y. Lv, S. Shim, J. Gibbons, A. Hoffmann, N. Mason, and F. Mahmood
Ultrafast THz emission spectroscopy of spin currents in the metamagnet FeRh
APL Materials 12
(2024)
A. Shukla, S. Qian, and S. Rakheja
Impact of strain on the SOT-driven dynamics of thin film Mn3Sn
Journal of Applied Physics 135
(2024)
R. Sun, K. S. Park, A. H. Comstock, A. McConnell, Y. Chen, P. Zhang, D. Beratan, W. You, A. Hoffmann, Z. Yu, Y. Diao, and D. Sun
Inverse chirality-induced spin selectivity effect in chiral assemblies of π-conjugated polymers
Nature Materials 23
782-789
(2024)
F. Zhang, A. S. Rashid, M. Tanhayi Ahari, G. J. de Coster, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, M. J. Gilbert, N. Samarth, and M. Kayyalha
Magnetic-field-free nonreciprocal transport in graphene multiterminal Josephson junctions
Physical Review Applied 21
(2024)
P. M. Laxmeesha, T. D. Tucker, R. K. Rai, S. Li, M. Yoo, E. A. Stach, A. Hoffmann, and S. J. May
Epitaxial growth and magnetic properties of kagome metal FeSn/elemental ferromagnet heterostructures
Journal of Applied Physics 135
(2024)
J. Sun, Z. Cheng, J. Liang, N. Shigekawa, K. Kawamura, H. Uratani, Y. Sakaida, and D. G. Cahill
Probe beam deflection technique with liquid immersion for fast mapping of thermal conductance
Applied Physics Letters 124
(2024)
J. Sklenar, S. Shim, H. Saglam, J. Oh, M. G. Vergniory, A. Hoffmann, B. Bradlyn, N. Mason, and M. J. Gilbert
Evidence of pseudogravitational distortions of the Fermi surface geometry in the antiferromagnetic metal FeRh
Communications Physics 6
(2023)
A. Shukla, S. Qian, and S. Rakheja
Order parameter dynamics in Mn3Sn driven by DC and pulsed spin–orbit torques
APL Materials 11
(2023)
K. X. Nguyen, J. Huang, M. H. Karigerasi, K. Kang, D. G. Cahill, J. Zuo, A. Schleife, D. P. Shoemaker, and P. Y. Huang
Angstrom-scale imaging of magnetization in antiferromagnetic Fe2As via 4D-STEM
Ultramicroscopy 247
113696
(2023)
F. Zhang, A. S. Rashid, M. T. Ahari, W. Zhang, K. M. Ananthanarayanan, R. Xiao, G. J. de Coster, M. J. Gilbert, N. Samarth, and M. Kayyalha
Andreev processes in mesoscopic multiterminal graphene Josephson junctions
Physical Review B 107
(2023)
K. Kang, D. G. Cahill, and A. Schleife
Phonon, electron, and magnon excitations in antiferromagnetic
L 1 0
Physical Review B 107
(2023)
J. Sun, G. Lv, and D. G. Cahill
Frequency-domain probe beam deflection method for measurement of thermal conductivity of materials on micron length scale
Review of Scientific Instruments 94
(2023)
M. H. Karigerasi, K. Kang, J. Huang, V. K. Peterson, K. C. Rule, A. J. Studer, A. Schleife, P. Y. Huang, and D. P. Shoemaker
High-resolution diffraction reveals magnetoelastic coupling and coherent phase separation in tetragonal CuMnAs
Physical Review Materials 6
(2022)
J. Gibbons, T. Dohi, V. P. Amin, F. Xue, H. Ren, J. Xu, H. Arava, S. Shim, H. Saglam, Y. Liu, J. E. Pearson, N. Mason, A. K. Petford-Long, P. M. Haney, ..., A. Hoffmann, et al.
Large Exotic Spin Torques in Antiferromagnetic Iron Rhodium
Physical Review Applied 18
(2022)
M. Lonsky, and A. Hoffmann
Dynamic fingerprints of synthetic antiferromagnet nanostructures with interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction
Journal of Applied Physics 132
(2022)
A. Hoffmann, and W. Zhang
Antiferromagnets for spintronics
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 553
169216
(2022)
S. Shim, M. Mehraeen, J. Sklenar, J. Oh, J. Gibbons, H. Saglam, A. Hoffmann, S. S. -. Zhang, and N. Mason
Unidirectional Magnetoresistance in Antiferromagnet/Heavy-Metal Bilayers
Physical Review X 12
(2022)
R. Klause, and A. Hoffmann
Multiple magnetic droplet solitions from exotic spin–orbit torques
Applied Physics Letters 120
(2022)
M. Lonsky, M. Yoo, Y. Huang, J. Qian, J. Zuo, and A. Hoffmann
Structural and magnetic properties of Pt/Co/Mn-based multilayers
Physical Review Materials 6
(2022)
Z. W. Riedel, F. Amerikheirabadi, K. Qu, J. Huang, M. S. Gebre, A. Bhutani, R. T. Haasch, P. Y. Huang, A. Schleife, and D. P. Shoemaker
Structure and Magnetic Properties of Ni4V3O10, an Antiferromagnet with Three Types of Vanadium–Oxygen Polyhedra
Chemistry of Materials 34
4721-4731
(2022)
K. Kang, K. Yang, K. Puthalath, D. G. Cahill, and A. Schleife
Polar magneto-optical Kerr effect in antiferromagnetic
M 2 As ( M = Cr , Mn , Fe )
Physical Review B 105
(2022)
K. Qu, H. Bale, Z. W. Riedel, J. Park, L. Yin, A. Schleife, and D. P. Shoemaker
Morphology and Growth Habit of the New Flux-Grown Layered Semiconductor KBiS2 Revealed by Diffraction Contrast Tomography
Crystal Growth & Design 22
3228-3234
(2022)
K. N. L. Hoang, S. M. McClain, S. M. Meyer, C. A. Jalomo, N. B. Forney, and C. J. Murphy
Site-selective modification of metallic nanoparticles
Chemical Communications 58
9728-9741
(2022)
A. Hoffmann
Thermal and hybridized magnons
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 539
168391
(2021)
C. Liu, Y. Luo, D. Hong, S. S. -. Zhang, H. Saglam, Y. Li, Y. Lin, B. Fisher, J. E. Pearson, J. S. Jiang, H. Zhou, J. Wen, A. Hoffmann, and A. Bhattacharya
Electric field control of magnon spin currents in an antiferromagnetic insulator
Science Advances 7
(2021)
C. Zhao, K. Kang, J. C. Neuefeind, A. Schleife, and D. P. Shoemaker
In-plane magnetic structure and exchange interactions in the high-temperature antiferromagnet
Cr 2 Al
Physical Review Materials 5
(2021)
S. A. Siddiqui, D. Hong, J. E. Pearson, and A. Hoffmann
Antiferromagnetic Oxide Thin Films for Spintronic Applications
Coatings 11
786
(2021)
J. Sklenar, Y. Zhang, M. B. Jungfleisch, Y. Kim, Y. Xiao, G. J. MacDougall, M. J. Gilbert, A. Hoffmann, P. Schiffer, and N. Mason
Proximity-induced anisotropic magnetoresistance in magnetized topological insulators
Applied Physics Letters 118
(2021)
J. Wu, M. H. Karigerasi, D. P. Shoemaker, V. O. Lorenz, and D. G. Cahill
Temperature Dependence of the Anisotropic Magnetoresistance of the Metallic Antiferromagnet
Fe 2 As
Physical Review Applied 15
(2021)
Y. Zang, F. Küster, J. Zhang, D. Liu, B. Pal, H. Deniz, P. Sessi, M. J. Gilbert, and S. S. P. Parkin
Competing Energy Scales in Topological Superconducting Heterostructures
Nano Letters 21
2758-2765
(2021)
M. H. Karigerasi, B. H. Lam, M. Avdeev, and D. P. Shoemaker
Two-step magnetic ordering into a canted state in ferrimagnetic monoclinic Mn3As2
Journal of Solid State Chemistry 294
121901
(2021)
M. H. Karigerasi, K. Kang, G. E. Granroth, A. Banerjee, A. Schleife, and D. P. Shoemaker
Strongly two-dimensional exchange interactions in the in-plane metallic antiferromagnet
Fe 2 As
Physical Review Materials 4
(2020)
M. Lonsky, and A. Hoffmann
Dynamic excitations of chiral magnetic textures
APL Materials 8
(2020)
M. Lonsky, and A. Hoffmann
Coupled skyrmion breathing modes in synthetic ferri- and antiferromagnets
Physical Review B 102
(2020)
S. Fukami, V. O. Lorenz, and O. Gomonay
Antiferromagnetic spintronics
Journal of Applied Physics 128
(2020)
K. Yang, K. Kang, Z. Diao, M. H. Karigerasi, D. P. Shoemaker, A. Schleife, and D. G. Cahill
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the easy-plane metallic antiferromagnet
F e 2 As
Physical Review B 102
(2020)
S. A. Siddiqui, J. Sklenar, K. Kang, M. J. Gilbert, A. Schleife, N. Mason, and A. Hoffmann
Metallic antiferromagnets
Journal of Applied Physics 128
(2020)
J. Holanda, H. Saglam, V. Karakas, Z. Zang, Y. Li, R. Divan, Y. Liu, O. Ozatay, V. Novosad, J. Pearson, and A. Hoffmann
Magnetic Damping Modulation in
IrMn 3 / Ni 80 Fe 20
Physical Review Letters 124
(2020)
H. Jang, J. Kimling, and D. G. Cahill
Nonequilibrium heat transport in Pt and Ru probed by an ultrathin Co thermometer
Physical Review B 101
(2020)
H. Jang, L. Marnitz, T. Huebner, J. Kimling, T. Kuschel, and D. G. Cahill
Thermal Conductivity of Oxide Tunnel Barriers in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions Measured by Ultrafast Thermoreflectance and Magneto-Optic Kerr Effect Thermometry
Physical Review Applied 13
(2020)
A. Ghazaryan, P. L. S. Lopes, P. Hosur, M. J. Gilbert, and P. Ghaemi
Effect of Zeeman coupling on the Majorana vortex modes in iron-based topological superconductors
Physical Review B 101
(2020)
K. Yang, K. Kang, Z. Diao, A. Ramanathan, M. H. Karigerasi, D. P. Shoemaker, A. Schleife, and D. G. Cahill
Magneto-optic response of the metallic antiferromagnet
Fe 2 As
Physical Review Materials 3
(2019)
M. H. Karigerasi, K. Kang, A. Ramanathan, D. L. Gray, M. D. Frontzek, H. Cao, A. Schleife, and D. P. Shoemaker
In-plane hexagonal antiferromagnet in the Cu-Mn-As system
Cu 0.82 Mn 1.18 As
Physical Review Materials 3
(2019)
G. A. Hamilton, M. J. Park, and M. J. Gilbert
Topological
d
Physical Review B 100
(2019)
M. R. Hirsbrunner, T. M. Philip, and M. J. Gilbert
Topology and observables of the non-Hermitian Chern insulator
Physical Review B 100
(2019)
W. Wang, T. Wang, V. P. Amin, Y. Wang, A. Radhakrishnan, A. Davidson, S. R. Allen, T. J. Silva, H. Ohldag, D. Balzar, B. L. Zink, P. M. Haney, J. Q. Xiao, D. G. Cahill, V. O. Lorenz, et al.
Anomalous spin–orbit torques in magnetic single-layer films
Nature Nanotechnology 14
819-824
(2019)
K. Kang, A. Kononov, C. Lee, J. A. Leveillee, E. P. Shapera, X. Zhang, and A. Schleife
Pushing the frontiers of modeling excited electronic states and dynamics to accelerate materials engineering and design
Computational Materials Science 160
207-216
(2019)
J. Oh, L. Humbard, V. Humbert, J. Sklenar, and N. Mason
Angular evolution of thickness-related unidirectional magnetoresistance in Co/Pt multilayers
AIP Advances 9
(2019)
Q. Zheng, G. Zhu, Z. Diao, D. Banerjee, and D. G. Cahill
High Contrast Thermal Conductivity Change in Ni–Mn–In Heusler Alloys near Room Temperature
Advanced Engineering Materials 21
(2019)
M. R. Hirsbrunner, T. M. Philip, B. Basa, Y. Kim, M. Jip Park, and M. J. Gilbert
A review of modeling interacting transient phenomena with non-equilibrium Green functions
Reports on Progress in Physics 82
046001
(2019)
J. Sklenar, W. Zhang, M. B. Jungfleisch, and A. Hoffmann
Unidirectional response in spin-torque driven magnetization dynamics
Spintronics XI
37
(2018)
Y. Kim, M. J. Park, D. G. Cahill, and M. J. Gilbert
Impact of thermal fluctuations on transport in antiferromagnetic semimetals
Physical Review B 98
(2018)
Y. Kim, K. Kang, A. Schleife, and M. J. Gilbert
Voltage-induced switching of an antiferromagnetically ordered topological Dirac semimetal
Physical Review B 97
(2018)